If you’re planning to live and work in the United Arab Emirates, the first thing you need is a valid work permit. Whether you’re joining a company in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, or anywhere in the UAE, understanding the work permit process is critical.
In this guide, we’ll break down the full process in a clear, step-by-step format. You’ll learn about eligibility, the application process, required documents, employer responsibilities, common mistakes to avoid, and how to legally secure a job in the UAE without delays.
What Is a Work Permit in the UAE?
A UAE work permit is an official document issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE). It gives a foreign national the legal right to work for an employer within the country.
Work permits are also sometimes referred to as labour cards, and they are directly tied to the UAE employment visa process. Without a work permit, foreigners cannot legally work in the UAE.
Who Needs a Work Permit in the UAE?
Anyone who is not a UAE or GCC national must obtain a work permit before starting a job in the country. This includes:
- Expats moving to the UAE for new employment
- Freelancers sponsored by an agency or Free Zone
- Foreign investors working within their own companies
- Domestic workers, drivers, and service staff
Whether you are hired by a private company or setting up your own, a valid work permit is mandatory.
Work Permit vs. Employment Visa: What’s the Difference?
This is a common confusion.
- The work permit is issued by MOHRE, allowing the person to work.
- The employment visa is a residency visa linked to employment and issued by the General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs (GDRFA) in the respective Emirate.
You usually apply for both together, but technically, they are two different things.
Eligibility for a Work Permit in the UAE
To qualify for a UAE work permit, the individual and the hiring company must meet certain conditions:
For Employees
- Must be 18 years or older
- Must have a valid passport
- Must be medically fit as per UAE health standards
- Must not have a criminal record
- Must match the required qualification or skill level
For Employers
- Must be a legally registered UAE business
- Must hold a valid trade license
- Must not have any labour violations
- Must provide a job offer that matches the employee’s profile
Steps to Get a Work Permit in the UAE
Now let’s go step by step through the entire process.
Step 1: Receive a Job Offer
The journey begins when you receive a formal job offer from a UAE-based company. The company must be registered with MOHRE or a Free Zone Authority, depending on its location.
Note: You cannot apply for your own work permit. It must be sponsored by the employer.
Step 2: Employer Applies for Initial Approval
The employer submits an application to MOHRE to get initial work permit approval. This includes:
- Employee’s passport copy
- Job contract
- Educational certificates (if required)
- Company trade license
Once approved, the ministry issues a work permit approval number.
Step 3: Entry Permit Issuance
MOHRE or the Free Zone Authority will then issue an entry permit, allowing the worker to enter the UAE legally. If the employee is already inside the UAE, they can apply for a change of status instead.
Step 4: Medical Fitness Test
The next step is a medical examination. The test includes:
- Blood test for infectious diseases
- Chest X-ray to rule out tuberculosis
This is done at a government-approved medical centre. Without passing the test, no work permit will be granted.
Step 5: Emirates ID and Biometrics
After passing the medical test, the employee must apply for an Emirates ID through the Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs and Port Security (ICP).
Biometric data—such as fingerprints and a photo—is collected at this stage.
Step 6: Residency Visa Stamping
The residency visa is stamped into the employee’s passport. This allows the individual to legally reside in the UAE and work under the sponsoring company.
Step 7: Work Permit Activation
Once all documents are complete, the work permit is activated. The employee can now officially begin working.
Types of Work Permits in the UAE
Different categories of work permits are issued depending on the nature of employment.
Private Sector Work Permit
Issued by MOHRE for companies operating outside Free Zones.
Free Zone Work Permit
Issued by Free Zone Authorities such as:
- Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC)
- Dubai Silicon Oasis (DSO)
- Jebel Ali Free Zone Authority (JAFZA)
- Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM)
Domestic Workers Permit
Issued under TADBEER service centres, these cover:
- Housemaids
- Drivers
- Nannies
- Cleaners
Temporary Work Permit
For short-term contracts, internships, or project-based roles. Typically valid for 6 months.
Cost of Work Permit in the UAE
The cost of getting a work permit depends on various factors:
- Employer’s company classification (A/B/C)
- Type of work permit (temporary, permanent, Free Zone, etc.)
- Skill level of the employee
In general, the total cost for a UAE work permit including medical, Emirates ID, and visa stamping can range between AED 3,000 to AED 7,000, which is usually paid by the employer.
Documents Required for Work Permit
Here’s what you typically need:
From the Employee:
- Passport copy (valid for at least 6 months)
- Passport-size photos (white background)
- Educational certificates (attested if required)
- Previous visa cancellation (if applicable)
- Medical test report
- Entry permit (if outside UAE)
From the Employer:
- Valid trade license
- Labour card
- Job offer letter or employment contract
- Company immigration card
How Long Does It Take to Get a Work Permit?
The UAE work permit process usually takes 10 to 15 working days, depending on the completeness of documents, company compliance status, and whether the applicant is inside or outside the country.
Free Zone entities may process applications faster due to their streamlined internal systems.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Many applicants run into delays or rejection because of easily avoidable errors:
- Submitting expired passports
- Not attesting educational certificates when required
- Failing the medical fitness test
- Incomplete or mismatched job contracts
- Not following Free Zone-specific rules
Work Permit Renewal in the UAE
Most UAE work permits are valid for 2 years. Employers must initiate the renewal process at least 30 days before the permit expires.
Renewal involves:
- Medical fitness retest
- Emirates ID renewal
- Residency visa re-stamping
Not renewing on time can lead to overstay fines, labour bans, or legal issues.
Can You Switch Jobs on a Work Permit?
Yes, but with conditions.
If you are changing jobs within the UAE, your new employer must:
- Apply for a new work permit
- Pay the relevant fees
- Submit No Objection Certificate (NOC) if still under contract
- Ensure your current visa is properly cancelled
Switching jobs without completing legal steps can result in labour bans for up to 1 year.
Work Permit for Freelancers in the UAE
The UAE now supports freelance work through:
- Freelance permits issued by Free Zones
- Remote work visas
- Self-sponsorship options
Freelancers must meet licensing and visa criteria, including:
- Proof of experience or portfolio
- Business registration (in some cases)
- Valid UAE health insurance
Popular Free Zones for freelancers:
- Dubai Media City
- RAKEZ
- Fujairah Creative City
Can You Sponsor Your Family with a Work Permit?
Yes. Once your residency visa and work permit are active, you can sponsor:
- Spouse
- Children
- Parents (conditions apply)
The employee must meet the minimum salary threshold, which is usually AED 4,000–5,000 per month, and have suitable accommodation.
Important UAE Government Entities to Know
- MOHRE (Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation) – Handles work permits for mainland businesses.
- GDRFA (General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs) – Issues visas and manages immigration.
- ICP (Federal Authority for Identity and Citizenship) – Manages Emirates ID and population registry.
- Free Zone Authorities – Handle licensing and permits within Free Zones.
Conclusion
Getting a work permit in the UAE is not difficult, but it does require proper planning, documentation, and following legal procedures. Whether you are moving to the UAE for the first time or switching employers, always work through registered companies and verify your paperwork.
For smooth processing, expert guidance, and compliance at every step, it’s always wise to partner with professionals who understand the system. If you’re planning to live and work in the Emirates, don’t hesitate to seek help from experts offering Business Setup Services in Dubai, UAE.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Work Permit in the UAE
How do I apply for a work permit in the UAE?
You cannot apply on your own. Your UAE employer must sponsor your work permit through the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) or a Free Zone Authority. The process includes job offer approval, medical test, Emirates ID, and visa stamping.
How long does it take to get a UAE work permit?
The full process usually takes 10 to 15 working days, depending on the type of company, document completeness, and whether you’re applying from inside or outside the UAE.
What documents are needed for a UAE work permit?
You’ll need a valid passport, passport-size photos, educational certificates, medical fitness test, and entry permit. Your employer must also provide a valid trade license, labour card, and job contract.
What is the cost of getting a work permit in the UAE?
The cost can range between AED 3,000 to AED 7,000, including all fees for the medical test, Emirates ID, and residency visa. These costs are usually covered by the employer.
Is the work permit the same as a visa in the UAE?
No. A work permit gives permission to work. An employment visa (residency visa) gives permission to live in the UAE. Both are usually processed together.
Can I change jobs on a UAE work permit?
Yes, but your new employer must apply for a new work permit and ensure the old visa is cancelled properly. If you break your contract, you may face a labour ban unless a No Objection Certificate (NOC) is provided.
Can I sponsor my family after getting a work permit in the UAE?
Yes. After receiving your residency visa and active Emirates ID, you can sponsor your spouse, children, and parents (if eligible), provided you meet the salary and housing requirements.
Do freelancers need a work permit in the UAE?
Freelancers need a freelance license or permit, usually from a Free Zone. They must also obtain a residency visa and Emirates ID. Freelancers are not covered by traditional employer work permits.
What is the validity of a UAE work permit?
Most UAE work permits are valid for 2 years and must be renewed before expiry. Some Free Zones offer 1-year permits, especially for freelancers and consultants.
What happens if I work without a permit in the UAE?
Working without a valid work permit is illegal and can lead to fines, deportation, and a ban from entering the UAE. Always make sure your paperwork is processed through official government channels.
